Blood Pressure Monitors, Information

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	What is Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood flowing through your blood vessels against the vessel walls. It depends on your blood flow (how much blood is pumped by your heart) and the resistance of your blood vessels to blood flow. If the pressure is high, your heart must work much harder to maintain adequate blood flow to your body.


	This Section © 1996 Wellsource, Inc.

What causes High Blood Pressure?
The causes of high blood pressure can vary, and most of the time, the cause isn't known. This form of the condition is called "essential hypertension." It might be due to a narrowing of the arteries, more blood than normal, or the heart beating more forcefully or faster than it usually should. Any of these conditions can raise the force of the blood against the artery walls.

Sometimes high blood pressure can be caused by another medical problem, such as kidney disease. When this happens, the condition is called "secondary hypertension." As the name indicates, treating the main problem makes the blood pressure go down.
This section © National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Systolic and diastolic
Your heart can beat more than 100,000 times a day. Each time it beats, a surge of blood is pumped from your heart into your arteries. This increases the pressure in your arteries. In between heartbeats the pressure in your arteries decreases.

That is why blood pressure is reported as two numbers, e.g., 120/80. The first, higher number (systolic) is the pressure of the blood against the artery walls when the heart contracts (e.g., 120). The second, lower number (diastolic) is the pressure against the artery walls when the heart relaxes between beats (e.g., 80).

Desirable blood pressure
Any blood pressure reading that consistently stays at 140/90 or higher is considered high blood pressure.
Low blood pressure
It is rare that a person has blood pressure that is too low. For some young or small people, a blood pressure reading of 90/70 or even 80/60 is perfectly normal and healthy. When their blood pressure is really too low, people feel dizzy or light headed every time they stand up, or they always feel tired and lacking energy.
This Section © 1996 Wellsource, Inc.

How do Blood Pressure Monitors Work

The device of measurement includes an inflatable cuff, a dial of measurement and a stethoscope.

The bladder is inflated until the cuff compresses the artery of the arm, the blood does not pass anymore: the stethoscope perceives no noise

Then the cuff is deflated slowly, the blood goes through the artery again: the stethoscope perceives a noise and the value of the blood pressure is read at the same time on the dial.

The blood pressure measured at this moment is the maximal blood pressure, the systolic blood pressure.

The cuff continues to deflate slowly. The blood passes again and the stethoscope perceives a noise.

The more the cuff deflates and the less audible the noise will be by the stethoscope, until it disappears completely: the blood pressure is read on the dial and defines the minimal, i.e. the diastolic blood pressure.

The device of measurement includes an inflatable cuff, a dial of measurement and a stethoscope.

The bladder is inflated until the cuff compresses the artery of the arm, the blood does not pass anymore: the stethoscope perceives no noise.


	What are the complications of uncontrolled blood pressure? Arterial complications and cerebral arterial damage High blood pressure is responsible for many lesions on the wall of the arteries. All the arteries are essential for our body, but cerebral arteries are particularly important. Two explanations can be provided to explain the occurrence of a stroke: either the blood does not arrive any more at the brain (the most frequent case) or there is a hemorrhage of the brain because a vessel broke because of a high blood pressure for instance. Unfortunately, high blood pressure is often responsible for the damage to the brain arteries and constitutes the principal risk factor for a stroke. High blood pressure is a disease strongly responsible for strokes, but the other cardiovascular risk factors are also implied: cholesterol, tobacco, diabetes, overweight and age. Medical studies have actually shown that the higher the level of blood pressure the more significant the risk of a stroke. Fortunately, treatments against high blood pressure have proved their efficiency in the prevention of a stroke. Thus, medical studies show that a 5 millimeters of mercury reduction on the minimal blood pressure (diastolic) induced a 42% reduction of the stroke. High blood pressure also induces cardiac complications Arteries become stiffer with high blood pressure and the heart is obliged to work more to evacuate blood. Thus, the heart becomes thicker, a hypertrophy appears which causes all kinds of cardiac complications. The studies have showed that patients with high blood pressure who have a cardiac hypertrophy present more risk of a stroke and of cardiovascular problems. Another target of a high blood pressure: the renal complication- Kidney complications Medical articles show that 90% of the subjects with a renal insufficiency had a history of high blood pressure. It was proved that the more significant the level of blood pressure is the greater the risk to present a renal insufficiency becomes. Thus, a patient with high blood pressure has between 2 and 10 times more risk to develop a renal insufficiency compared to a subject who is not suffering from high blood pressure. Of course, the best way to prevent this renal insufficiency is to control the high blood pressure for the best, because the more significant the level of blood pressure is, the more the renal function is degraded. Monitor your blood pressure at home.


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